From: Positron emission tomography in breast cancer: 18F- FDG and other radiopharmaceuticals
Radiopharmaceutical | Imaging target | References |
---|---|---|
16α-[18F]-fluoro-17β-oestradiol (18F-FES) | ER expression | (van Kruchten et al., 2013; Dehdashti et al., 1995; Linden et al., 2006; Peterson et al., 2008; Peterson et al., 2011; Mintun et al., 1988; Sun et al., 2015) |
4-fluoro-11β-methoxy-16α-[18F] fluoroestradiol (4FMFES) | ER expression | (Paquette et al., 2017) |
21-18F-fluoro-16α,17α-[(R)-(1′-α-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (18F-FFNP) | PR expression ER expression | (Dalm et al., 2017; Dehdashti et al., 2012) (Chan et al., 2015) |
89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab | HER2 expression | (Henry et al., 2017) |
64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab | HER2 expression | (Henry et al., 2017) |
68Ga-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N″‘-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-F(ab’)2-trastuzumab [68Ga-DOTA-F(ab’)2-trastuzumab | HER2 expression | |
68Ga-labeled affibody molecules | HER2 expression | (Baum et al., 2010; Tolmachev et al., 2010; Sörensen et al., 2014) |
18F | HER2 expression | (Mintun et al., 1988) |
68Ga | HER2 expression | (Mintun et al., 1988) |
18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) | DNA synthesis | |
2-11C-thymidine | DNA synthesis | (Kenny, 2016) |
1-(29-deoxy-29-fluoro-b-D-arabinofuranosyl) thymine (FMAU) | DNA synthesis | (Kenny, 2016) |
18F-benzamide analogs | DNA synthesis | (Kenny, 2016) |
18F-galacto-RGD | Angiogenesis | (Beer et al., 2008) |
68Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-tris[(2-carboxyethyl) (methylenephosphinic acid]) (TRAP)-(RGD)3 | Angiogenesis | (Kazmierczak et al., 2016) |
68Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-bis(acetic acid)(NODAGA)-RGD | Angiogenesis | (Mankoff et al., 2007) |
Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) labeled with H-3 or F-18 | Hypoxia | (Rasey et al., 1989) |
18F-fluoroetanida-zole (FETA) | Hypoxia | |
18F-fluoroazomycinarabinoside (FAZA) | Hypoxia | |
64Cu-diacetyl-bis-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (ATSM) | Hypoxia | |
18F-annexin V | Apoptosis | (Zijlstra et al., 2003) |
68Ga-Dotamaleimide-conjugated Cys2-annexin V | Apoptosis | (Bauwens et al., 2011) |
68Ga-Dotamaleimide-conjugated Cys165-annexin V | Apoptosis | (Bauwens et al., 2011) |
18F-labeled 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10) | Apoptosis | (Madar & Huang, 2009) |
18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium (18F-FBnTP) | Apoptosis | (Niu & Chen, 2010) |
1-[4-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (18F-WC-II-89), 18F-labeled isatin analog (S)-1-[[1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl]methyl]-5-[2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)methyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]isatin ([18F]ICMT-11) | Apoptosis | (Ogawa & Aoki, 2014) |
18F)fluorocholine (fluoromethyl-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium [FCH]) | Elevated levels of choline | (DeGrado et al., 2001) |
(18F)fluoromethyl-methylethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium (FMEC) | Elevated levels of choline | (DeGrado et al., 2001) |
18F)fluoroethyl-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium (FEC), and (18F)fluoropropyl-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium (FPC) choline analogs | Elevated levels of choline | (DeGrado et al., 2001) |
11C)choline-PET | Elevated levels of choline | (Kenny et al., 2010) |
18F-FDG | Elevated levels of choline | (Tateishi et al., 2012) |