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Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory comparisons among patients with SISCOM

From: Temporal and spatial changes in cerebral blood flow in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a subtraction brain spect study

Patients characteristics

Total

(n = 26)

Amelioration

(n = 15, 57.69%)

Activation

(n = 12, 46.15%)

Deactivation

(n = 8, 30.77%)

Worsening

(n = 6, 23.07%)

Binary logistic regression

Binary logistic regression

Mann-Whiney Test

Amelioration and activation

Deactivation and worsening

Sex, female/male, n (%)

19 (73.07)/7 (26.93)

10 (66.67)/05 (33.33)

08 (66.70)/04 (33.33)*

05 (62.50)/03 (37.50)

04 (66.67)/02 (33.33)**

* [X2(1) = 5.804; p = 0.041, R2 Negelkerke = 0.267]

** [X2(1) = 9.781; p = 0.008, R2 Negelkerke = 0.475]

NS

[X2(1) = 5.804; p = 0.041, R2 Negelkerke = 0.282]

Age (years), mean (SD)

43.19

44.13

40.91

43.48

43.03

NS

NS

NS

Race/ethnicity n (%) (Caucasians/non-Caucasians)

17 (65.38)/09 (34.62)

09 (60.00)/06 (40.00)

08 (66.67)/04 (33.33)

04 (50.00)/04 (50.00)

04 (66.67)/02 (33.33)*

*[X2(1) = 8.119; p = 0.015, R2 Negelkerke = 0.406]c

NS

NS

Age at SLE onset (mean, years)

26.05

28.13

26.33

27.00

20.67

NS

Age at NPSLE onset (mean, years)

42.29

46.83

42.08

43.25

47.83

NS

Interval between SLE and NPSLE first symptoms (mean, years)

05.57

04.80

07.25

07.12

02.67

NS

SLEDAI, mean (SD)

31.69

33.80

29.83

29.00

35.00

NS

SLICC/ACR-DI mean (SD)

06.96

06.73

06.67

06.25

07.83

NS

Number of Pulse Therapies, mean (SD)

09.23

08.80

09.92

09.50

08.33

NS

Normal MRI n (%)

06 (23.07%)/20 (76.93)

01 (06.67)

05 (41.67)

04 (50.00)

00 (00.00)

Abnormal MRI n (%)

06 (23.07%)/20 (76.93)

14 (93.33)#

07 (58.33)

04 (50.00)#

06 (100.00)

NP Manifestation n (%)***

Psychosis

17 (65.38)

08 (53.33)

10 (83.33)

06 (75.00)

03 (50.00)

NS

NS

NS

Bipolar disorder

01 (3.84)

02 (13.33)

00 (00.00)

01 (12.50)

01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

Depression

07 (26.92)

03 (20.00)

05 (41.67)

03 (37.50)

01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

Vasculitis

02 (7.69)

02 (13.33)

00 (00.00)

00 (00.00)

02 (33.33)

NS

NS

NS

Seizure

08 (30.77)

04 (26.67)

03 (25.55)

02 (25.00)

02 (33.33)

NS

NS

NS

Anxiety

06 (23.07)

03 (20.00)

03 (25.00)

02 (25.00)

02 (33.33)

NS

NS

NS

Headache

02 (7.69)

01 (06.67)

01 (08.33)

01 (12.50)

01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

Epilepsy

01 (3.84)

01 (06.67)

00 (00.00)

00 (00.00)

01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

Stroke

01 (3.84)

01 (06.67)

00 (00.00)

00 (00.00)

01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

Autoantibodies—n (%)

Native anti-DNA reagent/not reagent

13/13 (73.07/26.93)

06 (40.00)/09 (60.00)

08 (66.67)/04 (33.33)

04 (50.00)/04 (50.00)

02 (33.33)/04 (66.67)

NS

NS

NS

ANA reagent/not reagent

19/07 (73.07/26.93)

10 (66.67)/05 (33.33)

10 (83.33)/02 (16.67)

06 (75.00)/02 (25.00)

03 (50.00)/03 (50.00)

NS

NS

NS

ACA IgG positive/negative (RV > 10 GPL/ml)

09/13 (30.76/69.24)

06 (37.50)/07 (46.67)

04 (3.33)/06 (50.00)

03 (37.50)/03 (37.50)

02(33.33)/03(50.00)

NS

NS

NS

ACA IgG not done

04 (15.38)

02 (13.33)

02 (16.67)

02 (25.00)

01 (16.67)

ACA IgM positive/negative (RV > 7 MPL/ml)

12/14 (46.15/53.85)

09 (60.00)/04 (26.67)

06 (50.00)/03 (25.00)

02 (25.00)/04 (50.00)

02(33.33)/03(50.00)

NS

NS

NS

ACA IgM not done

04 (15.38)

02 (13.33)

03 (25.00)

02 (25.00)

01 (16.67)

P2GPI IgG positive/negative (RV > 5 GPL/ml)

05/11 (31.25/68.75)

04 (26.67)/06 (40.00)

02 (16.67)/08 (66.67)

02(25.00)/03(37.50)

01(16.67)/04(66.67)

NS

NS

NS

P2GPI IgG not done

10 (38.46)

05 (33.33)

02 (16.67)

03 (37.50)

01(16.67)

P2GPI IgM positive/negative (RV > 5 MPL/ml)

07/09 (43.75/56.25)

06 (40.00)/04 (26.67)

04 (33.33)/06(50.00)

01 (12.50)/03(37.50)

01 / 04(66.67)

NS

NS

NS

P2GPI IgM not done

10 (38.46)

05 (33.33)

02 (16.67)

04 (50.00)

01(16.67)

SS-B (LA) positive/negative (RV > 20 U/ml)

01/06 (14.29/85.71)

01 (06.67)/06 (40.00)

00 (00.00)/05 (41.67)

00 (00.00)/05 (50.00)

01 (16.67)/01 (16.67)

NS

NS

NS

SS-B (LA) not done

19 (73.08)

08 (53.33)

07 (58.33)

07 (87.50)

04 (66.67)

SS-A (RO) positive/negative (RV > 80 U/ml)

03/07 (30.00/70.00)

02 (13.33)/08 (53.33)

00 (00.00)/06 (50.00)

01 (12.50)/04 (50.00)

00 (00.00)/02 (33.33)

NS

NS

NS

SS-A (RO) not done

16 (61.53)

05 (33.33)

06 (50.00)

03 (37.50)

04 (66.67)

Complement—n(%)

C3 normal (RV 0.9–1.4 U/ml)

16 (61.50)

09 (60.00)*

07 (58.33)

02 (25.00)

06 (100.00)

*[X2(1) = 6.168; p = 0.021, R2 Negelkerke = 0.303]

NS

NS

C3 altered / not done

08 (30.76)/02 (07.69)

03/02 (13.33)

05 (41.67)/00 (00.00)

06 (75.00)/00 (00.00)

00 (00.00)/00 (00.00)

C4 normal (RV 0.1–0.4 U/ml)

16 (61.50)

10 (66.67)

07 (58.33)

06 (75.00)

04 (66.67)

NS

NS

NS

C4 altered / not done

08 (30.76)/02 (07.69)

04 (26.67)/01 (06.67)

05 (41.67)/00 (00.00)

02 (25.00)/00 (00.00)

02 (33.33)

  1. SD standard deviation, NS not significant, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, NPSLE neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, SLICC/ACR-DI Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology
  2. #Chi-square test p = 0,05
  3. ***It is noteworthy that the same patient may have overlapping SISCOM findings